Better Living

Sleep explained: All you need to know about quality, duration & sleep phases

A woman peacefully sleeping on her side, resting her head on a pillow, covered with a patterned blanket in a cozy bedroom setting.

Mag. Margit Weichselbraun

04.05.20263 Reading time

What is good sleep – and why do we need it so badly? Simple: because sleep is a true elixir of life. We spend about a third of our lives sleeping – and for good reason. Restorative sleep is essential not only for feeling good but also for physical and mental health.

01

Why quality sleep matters

Sleep isn’t just a pause – it’s a gamechanger for body and mind. While you dream, countless processes are happening in the background: your brain sorts memories, the immune system recharges, muscles repair, and cells renew. Those who sleep well feel more focused, energised – and it shows.

02

Sleep quality & duration: how much is enough – and what really matters?

Whether you need five or nine hours of sleep depends on the individual. What’s more important than the number of hours is how restorative your sleep actually is. If you wake up on your own and feel refreshed – great. But if your alarm pulls you out of sleep every morning, it’s worth checking in on your sleep habits.

According to research, good sleep quality is defined by:

  • Falling asleep within 30 minutes

  • Waking up no more than once during the night

  • Falling back asleep within 20 minutes

  • Spending about 85% of your time in bed actually sleeping

Want to dive deeper? Sleep trackers, apps or sleep labs can offer further insight.

03

The four sleep phases – and what happens in each

  1. Falling asleep
    Your body begins to wind down. Heart rate, breathing and brain activity slow – you drift into sleep.

  2. Light sleep
    The first phase of recovery. Your body is in rest mode, you're harder to wake – and this phase makes up about half of your night.

  3. Deep sleep
    Now the real regeneration begins. Cell renewal, muscle repair, immune system boost – this phase is key to physical recovery.

  4. REM sleep (dream sleep)
    Brain activity surges, dreams become vivid. Heart rate and breathing pick up – your mind processes the day.

These phases repeat several times a night, with REM phases becoming longer toward morning.

04

Tip for waking up refreshed

You’ll wake more easily at the end of a full sleep cycle – roughly every 90 minutes. Count backwards from your wake-up time to find your ideal bedtime.
Example: If you need to get up at 6:00 am, falling asleep around 10:30 pm or midnight is ideal.

05

Sleep is more than rest – what actually happens while we sleep?

Learning & memory

During sleep, your brain sorts the day: important things are stored, the rest cleared out. That’s why sleep and cognitive performance go hand in hand.

Immune system

Your immune system “learns” while you sleep – new research shows that during deep sleep, immune cells store information about pathogens they encountered during the day.

Cell repair & beauty sleep

Repair processes kick into high gear during sleep. Skin, muscles, organs – everything regenerates. Even your brain gets a "clean-up": waste products that build up during the day are flushed out.

06

Chinese organ clock – always waking at the same time?

Do you regularly wake up at a specific time – no matter when you go to bed? According to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this could be a sign that a specific organ is active or strained. Each time of night is connected to a different organ – and your body might be trying to tell you something.

Circular Chinese Organ Clock with organs assigned to specific times; heart at 11:00 AM, liver at 1:00 AM, and others around the clock face.
Margit Weichselbraun with long hair in a black dress, standing with her arms crossed in a softly lit room. Black and white photograph.

Mag. Margit Weichselbraun

Expert in knowledge management, BIOGENA

The fascinating world of micronutrients and emotional health topics is a great passion of the post-graduate nutritionist. The zealous wordsmith skillfully puts together contributions from various scientific sources, explaining complex topics in easily accessible terms. She is also a dedicated mum to two children.

FAQs

Got questions about sleep? We’re happy to help!

Sources & further reading:

Cousins JN, Fernández G. The impact of sleep deprivation on declarative memory. Prog Brain Res. 2019;246:27-53. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.01.007. Epub 2019 Mar 21. PMID: 31072562. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31072562/

Dzierzewski JM, Dautovich N, Ravyts S. Sleep and Cognition in Older Adults. Sleep Med Clin. 2018 Mar;13(1):93-106. doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2017.09.009. Epub 2017 Dec 8. PMID: 29412987; PMCID: PMC5841581. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29412987/

Aguirre CC. Sleep deprivation: a mind-body approach. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2016 Nov;22(6):583-8. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000323. PMID: 27583670. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27583670/

Carskadon MA. Sleep's effects on cognition and learning in adolescence. Prog Brain Res. 2011;190:137-43. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53817-8.00008-6. PMID: 21531249. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21531249/

Baranwal, N. et al 2023. Sleep physiology, pathophysiology, and sleep hygiene. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 77:59-69.

Reyner, L.A. et al. Gender- and age-related differences in sleep determined by home-recorded sleep logs and actimetry from 400 adults. Sleep; 18(2):127-34. https://schlafmedizin.at/de/#

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