Micronutrients

Zinc for immune system and colds: why zinc strengthens your defences

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Lisa Ressi, MSc

05.06.20265 Reading time

A runny nose, a sore throat, a fever – cold season is in full swing. Especially during the cold months, symptoms like these often knock us out for days on end. And then you just can’t function at all. But wait! There are a few little helpers that can support you in getting back on your feet quickly. One of them is zinc. In this blog post, we’ll therefore explain why you should make sure your body gets plenty of zinc during the cold season and how it can help strengthen your immune system and your body’s defences.

01

Zinc and its influence on the body

Vitamins, minerals, trace elements – your body relies on a wealth of essential nutrients to function properly. The most abundant trace element in terms of quantity is iron. And after that? Zinc comes next! No wonder, as you need this all-rounder not only for your bones, skin and hair, but also for cell division. Zinc also plays a major role in your DNA synthesis, your metabolism, acid-base balance and testosterone levels as well as in your brain and your fertility. And then there’s your immune system – that too cannot function properly without zinc.

02

Zinc and its effect on your immune system

Your immune system and zinc – they’re a perfect match. But why is that? Well, zinc is one of the antioxidants; it helps your immune system to respond quickly and effectively to inflammation and inhibits cold viruses at the same time. It is therefore an important part of your body’s own defence system. In this way, it can not only ward off colds and other illnesses, but also supports your body even when the pathogen has already entered your system.

T-cells play a major role in this. You need these to ensure that viruses, bacteria and the like don’t stand a chance. And zinc is essential here: it influences the maturation and activity of these specific cells. Zinc also gives your memory cells a boost. As a result, the cells recognise pathogens more quickly in the event of renewed infections and can respond reliably. In addition, zinc can reduce oxidative stress, a process that damages your cells and tissues, particularly when you are suffering from an infection.

The bottom line: an adequate supply of zinc is especially important during the cold season to help you get through this period feeling healthy and full of energy.

03

Zinc deficiency: danger for your immune system

Conversely, what happens if you don’t give your body enough zinc? Quite simply: a zinc deficiency can reduce the number of T-cells and thereby weaken your immune system. As a result, your body is no longer as effective at fighting off pathogens, warding off threats and producing antibodies. The result: you catch colds more often and allergies can sometimes be more severe. You may also notice skin changes such as dry patches, redness, blisters or pustules, and wounds heal more slowly.

An overview of the symptoms of a zinc deficiency:

  • Weakened immune system and poor wound healing

  • Hair loss, brittle nails and skin inflammation

  • Changes in sense of smell and taste

  • Diarrhoea

  • Hormonal imbalances

  • Fatigue

  • Depressive moods

  • Susceptibility to stress

So make sure it doesn’t come to that. What helps best? The right diet. Because your body cannot produce zinc itself, nor can it store it. So it needs you to provide it regularly.

04

Sources of zinc: Which foods are good for you and your immune system

Zinc is found primarily in animal-based foods. However, there are also plant-based sources. To provide optimal support for your immune system and defences, and to ensure you have sufficient zinc reserves, make sure to include the following foods in your diet:

  • Meat and offal

  • Oysters

  • Dairy products and cheese

  • Eggs

  • Fish and seafood

  • Spinach

  • Oatmeal

  • Wholemeal products

  • Wheat germ

  • Pulses

  • Nuts

Despite this wide range of options, it can be difficult to meet your daily zinc requirements for various reasons. For example, plant-based sources of zinc are less easily absorbed due to the ‘anti-nutrient’ phytic acid, which means that people who follow a vegetarian or vegan diet in particular should keep an eye on their zinc intake.

Getting more zinc can also be beneficial if you suffer from eczema, diabetes or acne, or if you are plagued by allergies.

05

Supplementing zinc: How you can support your body

Would you like to give your body an extra boost during the cold and flu season? Then treat yourself to some high-quality dietary supplements. Experts recommend 7–10 mg of zinc per day for women and 11–16 mg for men. You can take zinc in the morning or in the evening, ideally after a meal.

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06

Improving zinc absorption: which nutrients are needed?

Things get even more complicated if you pay attention to a few specific substances. This is because there are some substances that can inhibit the absorption of zinc in your body, just as there are others that improve absorption.

You should only consume these inhibiting nutrients in moderate amounts:

  • Phytates: found in sesame seeds, wholemeal products, nuts and pulses

  • Phosphates: found in sausages or soft drinks

  • Oxalates: spinach, Swiss chard and rhubarb contain this acid

  • Tannins: be careful with wine, coffee, tea and certain nuts

You can happily have a bit more of these beneficial nutrients:

  • Vitamin C: This antioxidant can improve zinc absorption in the gut and boosts your immune function.

  • Proteins: Protein promotes the absorption of zinc in your body and increases its bioavailability.

An ideal combination: the trace element zinc, combined with natural vitamin C to support the immune system
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07

Boosting your immune system: other things you can do

Zinc can therefore provide you with optimal support during the cold and flu season. But that’s by no means all you can do to get through the cold season in good health. A few more tips:

  • A varied diet: Eat a balanced diet and make sure you’re giving your body all the vitamins it needs.

  • Active leisure: Make sure you get plenty of exercise to strengthen not only your muscles but also your immune cells.

  • Restful sleep: While you sleep, your immune system is still hard at work – producing immune cells, learning and growing.

  • Targeted stimulation: Alternating between hot and cold is good for your body – why not try contrast showers or the sauna?

08

Conclusion

Bacteria, viruses and other pathogens are rife during the cold season. Your immune system? It certainly has its work cut out for it in winter. But you can give it a helping hand – for example, by ensuring your body gets enough zinc. This essential nutrient can not only boost your general well-being and improve the health of your skin, hair and nerves, but also give your immune system a real boost. An effective booster, then, that really packs a punch.

Lisa Ressi, MSc

Expert in knowledge management & speaker

Lisa Ressi is a certified Health & Care Nurse with a Master's degree in Health Sciences. Her heart has been in micronutrients for over 20 years. During her work as a freelance health and care nurse, she also gained a lot of practical experience with micronutrients. 

Her journey at BIOGENA began in 2014. In addition to her work as a micronutrient consultant at the BIOGENA store in Linz, she has created the Micronutrient Coach® compact course with great commitment and love. She has been a member of the BIOGENA science team since 2022 where she fulfills her great passion for knowledge transfer. True to the motto “Knowledge creates health”, she shares her knowledge in lectures, seminars, podcasts and even contributions in a very practical way with all those who are interested in promoting health and supporting therapy with micronutrients.

FAQs

Frequently asked questions about zinc and the immune system

Sources:

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Wessels I, Fischer HJ, Rink L. Dietary and Physiological Effects of Zinc on the Immune System. Annu Rev Nutr. 2021 Oct 11;41:133-175. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-122019-120635. Epub 2021 Jul 13. PMID: 34255547. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34255547/

Wessels I, Maywald M, Rink L. Zinc as a Gatekeeper of Immune Function. Nutrients. 2017 Nov 25;9(12):1286. doi: 10.3390/nu9121286. PMID: 29186856; PMCID: PMC5748737. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29186856/

Planeta Kepp K. Bioinorganic Chemistry of Zinc in Relation to the Immune System. Chembiochem. 2022 May 4;23(9):e202100554. doi: 10.1002/cbic.202100554. Epub 2021 Dec 29. PMID: 34889510. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34889510/

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Weyh C, Krüger K, Peeling P, Castell L. The Role of Minerals in the Optimal Functioning of the Immune System. Nutrients. 2022 Feb 2;14(3):644. doi: 10.3390/nu14030644. PMID: 35277003; PMCID: PMC8840645. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35277003/

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Wintergerst ES, Maggini S, Hornig DH. Immune-enhancing role of vitamin C and zinc and effect on clinical conditions. Ann Nutr Metab. 2006;50(2):85-94. doi: 10.1159/000090495. Epub 2005 Dec 21. PMID: 16373990. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16373990/

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