Milk thistle: Benefits, effect and side effects

The milk thistle belongs to the daisy family and is mainly located in the Mediterranean. Its characteristic purple-coloured flowers and white-veined leaves make it easily recognisable. In medicine, mainly the active substance complex silymarin derived from the fruits and seeds of the plant is used. This has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cell-protecting properties, which are particularly valued in the treatment of liver diseases.

Milk thistle is known for its varied effects on the human body. Its main active ingredient, silymarin, has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect. But the medicinal plant has much more to offer. In the following, we consider the specific effects on various organs and clinical pictures.

The liver is the central organ of the metabolism and of detoxification. The active substance silymarin, which is contained in milk thistle, has proven to be particularly helpful in studies of inflammation and liver diseases due to its anti-inflammatory effect. Silymarin has been shown to protect the liver, support the immune system and to improve general symptoms and liver function values. Silymarin also promotes protein production, which supports the regeneration of the liver cells.

The milk thistle has a positive effect on the gallbladder. It promotes the formation and drainage of bile, which supports fat digestion and can prevent the formation of gallstones. The milk thistle can offer natural support, especially in people with chronic biliary complaints.

The milk thistle is also effective in the digestive tract. It can relieve gastrointestinal symptoms by regulating the production of gastric juices and soothing the inflammatory processes in the intestine. Silymarin also promotes the regeneration of mucous membranes.

The milk thistle is available in various pharmaceutical forms, depending on individual needs and preference. As tea, it is often used to aid the digestion. Capsules and tablets are an easy way to consume the plant’s concentrated active ingredients, especially to support the liver. Tinctures and powders are also common forms that can be used depending on the application preference.

However, since Silymarin is poorly water-soluble, teas and tinctures are not as effective as high-dose capsules. Capsules can be used to make effective use of the properties of the plant.

Persons with an allergy to composite plants should be careful when taking it, as there is an increased risk of allergic reactions. There is insufficient scientific data on the use of milk thistle during pregnancy and on the use in children and it is therefore not recommended.