There’s no one-size-fits-all answer to which form is best. However, it’s generally recommended to use products that combine all three naturally occurring vitamin B12 compounds: methylcobalamin (M), hydroxocobalamin (H), and adenosylcobalamin (A). Methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin are the active forms and are readily available to the body. Hydroxocobalamin is a precursor of the two active forms and the vitamin’s natural storage form. Since all forms serve different roles in metabolism, a combination is particularly effective.

Based on current data (*), an average of 40% of the population in Europe is insufficiently supplied with vitamin D. In Germany alone, however, the annual average is 56% (reference laboratory value of <50 nmol/l). Independent expert groups and physicians, on the other hand, recommend a higher reference laboratory value of 75 nmol/l. If we use this as a reference, then in Germany over 85%, in Switzerland 75%, in the Netherlands approx. 70% and in the UK approx. 88% are underserved. Even more southerly regions of Europe are not spared from vitamin D deficiency; data from Greece, for example, show that up to 90% of the population there are insufficiently supplied with vitamin D (based on 75 nmol/l) and about 50% are below a value of 50 nmol/l. * Cashman KD et al. 2016. Vitamin D deficiency in Europe: pandemic?. Am J Clin Nutr. 103(4): 1033–1044.Palacios C und Gonzalez L. 2013. Is vitamin D deficiency a major global public health problem? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 144PA: 138–145.

The recommended daily intake of vitamin E varies depending on age and gender. For adults, the recommendation is: Men: 15 mg/day Women: 12 mg/day Pregnant women: 13 mg/day Breastfeeding women: 17 mg/day

Vitamin D and vitamin K2 do not always have to be taken together. However, depending on the individual situation and therapeutic goal, taking both vitamins together can be useful or even highly beneficial. Vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 work together to build and maintain strong bones.

The German Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ) recommends supplying both bottle-fed children and nursing babies with additional vitamin D3 daily until their second early summer. It doesn’t matter at what time the vitamin is administered – the main thing is that you think about it every day.

Acerola cherry is the absolute best performing fruit with 1700 mg vitamin C per 100 g fruit. For this reason, acerola cherry fruit juice powder is often used in dietary supplements as a source of natural vitamin C.

Yes, in general, vitamin B12 can be taken without concern – especially if you follow a vegan or vegetarian diet or are experiencing deficiency symptoms. If you're unsure, it’s best to consult a healthcare professional.

Certain groups should pay special attention to their vitamin D intake. Older adults, for example – as skin loses up to 50% of its ability to produce vitamin D with age. If you rarely get outside during peak sun hours, your body might not make enough on its own. People with darker skin tones also produce less vitamin D, putting them at greater risk of deficiency – especially in Central and Northern Europe. Pregnant and breastfeeding individuals need extra support to ensure a healthy supply for both parent and child. And for infants, whose skin should be kept out of direct sunlight, a vitamin D supplement is a definite must-have. Not sure if your vitamin D levels are sufficient? A simple blood test can give you clarity.

Vitamin C and ascorbic acid are not exactly the same. Chemically, vitamin C is L-ascorbic acid. In addition, however, there are other ascorbic acids, not all of which have a vitamin C effect, such as D-ascorbic acid. Vitamin C is therefore an ascorbic acid, but not every ascorbic acid is also vitamin C.

A lack of biotin, zinc, iron or vitamin D can cause or increase hair loss. An under-supply of sulphur-containing amino acids can also impair hair production.